John Adams, in one of his most-quoted turns of phrase, remarked that the "very definition of a Republic, is 'an Empire of laws, not of men.'" 1 As citizens and as lawyers, we endorse the aspirations of Adams's sentiment, and especially so with respect to the laws that aim to ensure a landscape of free and fair elections.However, even Adams recognized that positive law can only do so much alone. 2For laws to accomplish their ends, they must be complemented by norms of good faith, carried out by civically minded people of goodwill committed to honoring the letter and the spirit of the law. 3 Writing in April of 1776, Adams lamented: "I sometimes tremble to think that, altho We are engaged in the best Cause that ever employed the Human Heart, yet the Prospect of success is doubtful not for Want of Power or of Wisdom, but of Virtue." 4 A recent and poignant illustration of the tension between formal law and a lack of norms involves the world's richest man, Elon Musk, who offered $1 million per day until Election Day to registered voters in * Professor of Law, Maurice A. Deane School of Law at Hofstra University.I am grateful to a number of