This study examines the determinants of road transport performance in Oyo State, Nigeria, with a focus on selected Local Government Areas in the Oyo North Senatorial District. Using primary data collected from 180 respondents comprising commuters and bus drivers, the study employs factor analysis and descriptive statistics to identify key variables influencing transport performance. Findings reveal that government policy, transport infrastructure, management practices, vehicle condition, and transportation fare are the major determinants explaining 68.5% of total variance. The study concludes that effective policy implementation and improved infrastructure are critical to enhancing operational efficiency. Recommendations include increased investment in road infrastructure, policy reforms, and improved fleet management systems.