Raw sensor data from a device of a user is collected. The raw data does not include location data for the device. The data is preprocessed to identify driving trips in which the user had the device. The trip data is provided to machine-learning models (MLMs) as input and the MLMs provide as output predictions for each trip's estimated speeds, estimated number of hard brakes and a degree of each hard brake, and estimated degrees of distracted driving. A duration, time of day, and calendar date of each trip is identified. The predictions, duration, time of day, and calendar date are modified into four factor values. The four modified factor values are combined into an overall driver characteristic value and provided to a network service associated with the user for purposes of providing or modifying services provided to the user through the network service based on the overall characteristic value.