Disclosed are a crane upper and lower structure interlocking system, and a crane. In system, a third-stage pump of a hydraulic pump set is connected to an oil inlet of an outrigger extension and retraction valve, and an extension and retraction switching valve in the outrigger extension and retraction valve is connected to the oil inlet of the outrigger extension and retraction valve. A first working oil port and second working oil port of a locking valve are both connected to a fifth working oil port of the extension and retraction switching valve; a third working oil port of the locking valve is connected to a rod cavity of each of a horizontal oil cylinder, a vertical oil cylinder and a fifth outrigger oil cylinder; and a fourth working oil port of the locking valve is connected to a sixth working oil port of the extension and retraction switching valve.