A data processing method includes determining a current data operation state of a follower storage node based on receiving a data read request of a terminal, the current data operation state comprising a read-only (RO) state and a read-write (RW) state; determining a reference log index of a leader storage node based on the current data operation state, the reference log index being a recently stored log index based on both the leader storage node and the follower storage node being in the RW state; acquiring a synchronized log index stored in the follower storage node, the synchronized log index being obtained based on synchronizing a log index stored in the leader storage node; acquiring data requested by the data read request from the follower storage node based on the synchronized log index covering the reference log index; and providing the data to the terminal.