Disclosed are a long-acting oral pharmaceutical comprising a hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (HIF-PHI) and use thereof. Specifically, disclosed is a long-acting oral pharmaceutical formulation comprising a hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (HIF-PHI) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants, or excipients. The long-acting oral pharmaceutical formulation is suitable for administration at intervals of once every one week or longer, making it suitable for long-term administration in the treatment of chronic anemia.