An optical detector system includes a light source configured to emit light having a frequency spectrum and modulated in time, and an optical detector configured to detect an intensity of the light at a wavelength range within the frequency spectrum. The optical detector includes a piezoelectric layer, a first metal layer coupled to a first surface of the piezoelectric layer, a second metal layer coupled to a second surface of the piezoelectric layer, and a plasmonic metasurface coupled to the first metal layer and configured to absorb the light at the wavelength range, the plasmonic metasurface including metal structures and a dielectric layer disposed on the first metal layer. The optical detector system further includes a voltage detector coupled to the first metal layer and the second metal layer, the voltage detector configured to detect a voltage at a frequency of the modulated light.