In an image processing method, an image feature of an image is extracted, and a reconstructed image feature is obtained based on encoding the extracted image feature and decoding the encoded image feature. In the method, first recognition information is obtained, through a discriminator, based on difference information between the extracted image feature and the reconstructed image feature, the first recognition information including first information elements, each one of the first information elements indicating a first probability of a respective pixel of the image having an anomaly. In the method, an anomaly recognition result of the image is determined based on the extracted image feature, the reconstructed image feature, and the first recognition information.