An interface apparatus for a stochastic high-voltage source employs a mandatory series path containing an electrochemical cell with a nonlinear current-voltage curve. The cell operates as a capacitor below a threshold voltage ranging from 0.8 to 2.0 volts and autonomously switches to a faradaic electrolysis mode above this threshold. This clamps overvoltages by converting energy into chemical fuel with efficiency exceeding fifty percent while damping the source via a cascade stabilizing effect. The path excludes parallel dissipative clamps. The cell has a double-layer capacitance of at least 0.5 farads and exhibits an impedance drop of at least ten times within one millisecond upon transitioning. A controller modulates path impedance and verifies operation via correlated voltage changes and gas flow without high-frequency noise. The apparatus is applicable to diverse electrolyzer types providing universal productive clamping for atmospheric electricity, electrostatic discharge, electromagnetic interference, corona, and triboelectric sources.
Full Text
What is claimed is: