An encoding method and apparatus, a decoding method and apparatus, an encoder, a decoder, a code stream, and a storage medium are provided. The decoding method includes that: on the basis of a first interpolation filtering model used by a decoded block, a first candidate list is generated; on the basis of the first candidate list, a second interpolation filtering model to be used by a current block is determined; intra prediction for the current block is performed by using the second interpolation filtering model, to obtain a prediction block of the current block; and on the basis of the prediction block, a reconstructed block of the current block is determined.