Provided in embodiments of the present application are an encoding method, a decoding method, an encoder, a decoder, and a storage medium. The decoding method comprises: performing intra template matching prediction on a current block, so as to determine a predicted block and motion information of the current block; on the basis of the predicted block of the current block and a residual block of the current block, determining a reconstructed block of the current block; and storing the motion information of the current block into a motion information buffer corresponding to the current block, wherein the motion information in the motion information buffer is used for constructing a candidate merge set for a target block, and the target block is predicted on the basis of intra block copy.