Data processing methods and apparatus are described. A data processing method includes obtaining time series information, and processing the time series information via an encoder to obtain an encoding result. The encoder includes a target network layer, and the target network layer is configured to transform a feature of the time series information into a frequency domain to obtain spectrum information. The spectrum information includes a plurality of frequency bands and a frequency domain feature corresponding to the frequency bands, a part of the plurality of frequency bands is selected based on the frequency domain feature, feature extraction is performed on a frequency domain feature of the part of frequency bands to obtain a processing result. The processing result is transformed into a time domain. The method further includes obtaining a task processing result over a task network based on the encoding result.