A system and a method are provided in which a user equipment (UE) obtains a set of coefficients and a set of subcarriers from a location management function (LMF), and measures carrier phases on subcarriers, from the set of subcarriers, of a received reference signal transmitted with multi-carrier modulation. The UE determines a virtual carrier phase generated from the measured carrier phases and corresponding coefficients, from the set of coefficients. The UE reports the virtual carrier phase to the LMF.