A restoration system, method, and program restore a designated target state set on the basis of a dependency graph while reducing persisted and reconstructed state volume. A dependency relation among state elements is represented as a graph, a target state set is specified, and a frontier-state set is selected such that a forward closure from the frontier-state set covers the target state set. Restoration is performed by forward generation, propagation, replay, recomputation, or deterministic regeneration. Reconstructed states may be accepted only after verification, validation, consistency checking, hash comparison, schema checking, quorum checking, or another acceptance check, and the frontier-state set may be augmented and restoration retried when acceptance fails. The invention is applicable to database restoration, cache reconstruction, distributed synchronization, workflow-state regeneration, log compression, and restoration of continuation-relevant states in generative-AI systems.