Devices and methods for culturing microorganisms are disclosed. In some aspects, a microorganism culture apparatus is provided that includes a structured body configured in a vertical direction of the apparatus. In this aspect, the structure body can include a layered culture unit configured to culture a microorganism; and at least one of a layered nutrient supply unit that supplies a nutrient to the culture unit, and a layered environmental component supply unit that supplies an environmental component to the culture unit.