A battery cell includes a battery cell assembly and an outer packaging. The battery cell assembly includes a positive electrode plate, an active material coating is provided on the positive electrode plate, and the active material coating includes a sodium-containing copper-based layered oxide. The outer packaging is configured to encapsulate the battery cell assembly, an air-permeable member is provided on the outer packaging, the air permeability of the air-permeable member is equal to or greater than the maximum required gas venting volume of the battery cell per unit of total cycle time, and the maximum required gas venting volume of the battery cell per unit of total cycle time is obtained by conversion based on the volume of carbon dioxide generated due to oxygen release caused by Cu—O bond breakage in the sodium-containing copper-based layered oxide.