A surgical navigation system can include: a three-dimensional (3D) display system with a see-through screen; a tracking system configured to track the position and orientation of a surgeon's head, the see-through screen, a patient anatomy and a medical device to provide current position and orientation data; data associated with an operative plan, patient anatomy, and/or the medical device; and a surgical navigation image generator configured to generate a surgical navigation image with a three-dimensional image including a first virtual image indicating the planned position and orientation of the medical device according to the operative plan data and a second virtual image indicating an current position and orientation of the medical device.