A method for automatically acquiring target information, the method is to be implemented by a system that includes a control device and a mobile camera device. The mobile camera device includes a camera having a lens. The method includes: the control device controlling the mobile camera device to move to an actual location in a space, and controlling the mobile camera device to capture and transmit an initial image to the control device; the control device generating a calibration instruction based on a discrepancy between the initial image and a reference image, and transmitting the calibration instruction, a target position data set and a shot magnification ratio to the mobile camera device; the mobile camera device calibrating a shooting angle of the camera, and adjusting a focal length of the lens; and the camera capturing and transmitting a target image to the control device.