The present application discloses a method for evaluating rock compressive strength based on cuttings mineral composition, nano-indentation, and friction tests, relating to the field of petroleum and natural gas exploration and development. Specifically, relative contents of rock minerals, average nano-indentation crack lengths, nano-indentation load-displacement curves of each rock mineral, and rock friction coefficient are first obtained through rock X-ray diffraction experiments, nano-indentation experiments, and friction tests; subsequently, based on the principle of energy conservation, elastic modulus of each rock mineral and plane-strain fracture toughness of each rock mineral are calculated; then, according to the principle of weighted superposition, each mineral parameter is weighted and integrated based on a proportion to obtain rock failure characteristic parameters; finally, uniaxial and triaxial compressive strength of the rock are calculated in combination with the rock failure characteristic parameters and the rock friction coefficient.