Provided are a surface passivation structure for a cut solar cell, a preparation method thereof, a cut solar cell, and a photovoltaic module. The surface passivation structure includes a silicon substrate, where one side or two opposite sides of the silicon substrate are laser-cut surfaces; a front/back surface of the silicon substrate includes a base region located in a central portion and small textured regions located on four side edges; the base region is provided with a boron emitter; a front passivation and anti-reflection layer covers the boron emitter and the small textured regions; surfaces of the boron emitter and the small textured regions are provided with pyramidal textured structures; and a pyramid in the base region has a larger dimension than pyramids in the small textured regions. The provided removes pn junctions on a laser-cut edge and a non-laser-cut edge and forms small pyramidal textured structures.