Provided are: oral nanoparticles for enabling oral administration of a bioactive compound which is typically administered by injection due to having low bioavailability attributable to issues with solubility, disintegration in the digestive tract, and intestinal permeability; a method of formulating the oral nanoparticles; and a use of the oral nanoparticles. In addition, provided are: oral nanoparticles capable of maintaining or protecting the balance in the gut microbiome by minimizing the exposure of the gut microbiome to a bioactive compound; a formulation; and a use of same.