A memory management method and a memory controller are provided for a storage device having a memory module that includes a plurality of chips, each chip having a plurality of planes, and each plane having a plurality of physical blocks. The method includes: obtaining the number of chip enable signals (CE count) of the memory module; selecting a target allocation method from a plurality of allocation methods according to the CE count, the allocation methods including a first allocation method based on the chips and a second allocation method based on the planes; and dividing the physical blocks into a plurality of super blocks based on the target allocation method. By optimizing the super block allocation strategy, utilization of physical blocks is improved and garbage collection efficiency is enhanced.