A 2D TMD nanosheet functionalized with an amphiphilic block polymer compound of the present disclosure has scavenging activity for intracellular and mitochondrial ROS and the scavenging activity is maintained well at low pH, and further, inhibits the excessively increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines in microbial infection, exhibits antibacterial activity, and can increase survivability and prevent aggravation of symptoms in an animal model of sepsis, it can be provided as an anti-inflammatory/antioxidant agent for prevention and treatment of sepsis and septic shock.