A block-based codec using transform-based residual coding is described wherein a current transform coefficient of a set of transform coefficients is predicted based on a function, attributes of which have values of previously en/decoded samples neighboring the predetermined block, and if the current transform coefficient is not firstly en/decoded among the set of transform coefficients, one or more previously en/decoded transform coefficients among the set of transform coefficients. Further, a block-based codec is described where the set may have merely one transform coefficient, and one where the transform is improved by computing an additive offset mask for the transform using an improvement function, attributes of which have the transform and the predicted sample filling. The described aspects may be combined.