A light-emitting substrate includes a base substrate, a light-emitting unit and a light extraction member arranged in sequence. The light-emitting unit includes at least one blue light-emitting device, a first light enhancement layer and a second light enhancement layer arranged in sequence. A blue light-emitting device includes a first electrode, at least one blue light-emitting layer and a second electrode sequentially stacked. An orthographic projection of the light extraction member on the base substrate at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of the blue light-emitting device on the base substrate. An absolute value of a difference between a wavelength corresponding to a transmittance peak of the light extraction member and a wavelength corresponding to an emission spectrum peak of the blue light-emitting device is less than or equal to 10 nm.